Journal of Neoplasm

Abstract

Various human Coronaviruses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have a different natural host like a bat, mouse and intermediate hosts like a cow, camel, Maylitan Pangolin while human host such as HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1 cause mild infection in the human body whereas SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV cause mild or severe human disease like respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive disease depending upon the host condition and strain type of viruses. There are various viral receptors such as Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), ANPEP (also known as CD13), 9-O-acetylated sialic acids (9-0-Ac-Sia); DPP4 (also known as CD26), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 which helps in the invasion. Upon the invasion of SARS-CoV-2, there are structural changes in the host cells found in the human airway epithelial cells (at 96 hours).